Introduction Of A Small Medium Sized Enterprise ( Sme )

Available Sources For SMEs Introduction It is well known that the economic base decides the superstructure. As an essential part of economy which contributes to the growth of industry as well as creates jobs for citizens, small to medium sized enterprise(SME) plays an irreplaceable role in both developed and developing countries(Angela,2011). Although SME has its own important value, not every enterprise can improve its business and be profitable. There is a need for SME to develop a funding strategy based on the somehow macroeconomic environment. It is necessary for SME to be down to earth to improve the business conditions so that SME will gain the needed capital to realize business expansion by winning the trust of creditors or investors. However, when formulating the strategy, SME failed to attract the needed fund result in technology will not be introduced into the enterprise because internal conditions have not reached a certain standard. In this essay, the difficulty in raising finance for SMEs will be discussed and what type of supportive sources will be available for SME to put the capital and technology into use and manage. 1. Situation of SME Klonowski (2009) summarizes four reasons to support SMEs. First, every 6 out of 10 new jobs are provided by SME sector. Second, SMEs are promoting the transition from traditional industries to high-technology sector actively. Third, SMEs are competitive at the cutting-edge of developing innovations. Last, significantShow MoreRelatedFlexible Working1445 Words   |  6 Pages Assessment Title: Report Assignment Title: Analysing the feasibility of SMEs in the UK introducing flexibile working arrangements. Tutor Name: Debora Brito Student ID Number: 2253710 Date of Submission: Monday 9th May 2016 before 2 pm Content 1.1 Introduction——————————————————————————3 1.2 Background——————————————————————————3 Read MoreImpact Of Small And Medium Sized Businesses On Jobs And The Economy1602 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: SMEs​ 1 The Impact of Small and Medium Sized Businesses on Jobs and the Economy Name: Institution: Outline 1. Introduction Introduces the discussion and gives a thesis statement 2. Discussion Explores the contribution of SMEs to the economy, gives detailed statistics from various academic sources. It also offers an explanation of the impact of the 2008 financial crisis to the SMEs contribution to the economy in regards to employment 3. Conclusion Wraps up theRead MoreSme Sectors Benefits to the Economy1713 Words   |  7 PagesThe SME sector is said to make a significant contribution to employment; evaluate this claim by drawing on the literature, and discuss what other contributions are made to the economy by the SME sector. Gov website says that for the purposes of SME 2006 statistics an SME is defined as any business that has less than 250 employees. SME: small and medium-sized enterprises are defined by the European Commission as independent enterprises that have fewer than 250 employees, and an annual turnover notRead MoreAdvantages of Cloud Computing for Smes1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe advantages of Cloud Computing to a small to medium size enterprise Leyla Evloeva B00053158 Department of Business School of Business amp; Humanities Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown Dublin 15 Word Limit for Assignment: 1500 Actual count: 1533 Bachelor of Business General Business 21/10/2011 Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 2 Introduction 2 3 Competitive Advantages 3 3.1 Reduce Cost 3 3.2 Pay per Use 3 3.3 Meets Organizational Requirements 4 Read MoreWhy the human resource management is important in small-medium Entrepreneur in UK1368 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Why the human resource management is important in small-medium Entrepreneur in UK Introduction The article analyzes the way of HRM practice in small-medium enterprises(SMEs) and the reason why it is important element for SMEs. Over the past years, small-medium enterprises play an increasingly significant role in European economy. It is mainly because European countries including UK have large amount of SMEs but with small scale of big enterprises. However, HRM, as an important part of a companyRead MoreThe Challenges Of Small Businesses Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to analyse and study the challenges that lead to dereliction of some small businesses in Potchefstroom. The study aims to understand and find ways or improved strategies that could assist small businesses to succeed in the future. According to SBA (Cited by Anon., 2016), 30% of new businesses fail during the first two years of being open, 50% during the first five years and 66% during the first 10.This usually takes place because of common factorsRead MoreKey Drivers Of India s Economic Growth1859 Words   |  8 PagesStatement SMEs (Small and Medium enterprises) are one of the key drivers of India’s economic growth. Over the years a large number of small and medium size companies have grown in the market. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been contributing so much towards the GDP of India. With their emergence and huge potential, the government of India launched regulated trading platforms for the SMEs, which allows them to get listed without bringing an IPO. The stock exchanges for these enterprises were introducedRead MoreAnalysis Of Small And Medium Sized Firms5763 Words   |  24 Pages CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP; Analysis of small and medium sized firms (Small and medium scale enterprises: SMES) By Daniel Abioye, INTRODUCTION Small and medium sized firms play a prominent role in economic development (Osotimehi, et al. 2012). Hence it has been the underlining background to this study. The importance of SMES cannot be overemphasized in an economy. This is because they contribute to the creation of employment, free competitive market environments, inputs for largeRead MoreImportance Of Small And Micro Enterprises1911 Words   |  8 PagesThe importance of small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) in the economy of any country cannot be overlooked. In fact for nearly 15 years, most researchers dealing with economic planning have highlighted the significance of these enterprises stating that they are a key player in realizing any country’s economic goals. As such, governments as well as other organizations with interest in development are laying plans and strategies to promote the establishment of Small and Micro Enterprises. This is seen asRead MoreHistorical Background Of Manufacturing Smes1217 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction In this document the researcher will present a detailed historical background of manufacturing SMEs in Zimbabwe. The other issues to be highlighted and discussed include problem statement, purpose or justification of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, research hypothesis, significance of the study, research assumptions, scope or delimitations of the study, ethical considerations and a summary. 1.2 Background to the study (60) Small to medium

Factors, Symptoms and Treatment of Alcoholism Essay

Alcoholism is a chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors. The disease is often progressive and fatal if left untreated. It is characterized by impaired control over alcohol use despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking. There are critics who disagree with calling Alcoholism a disease despite the definition on the word disease which means an involuntary disability but the fact that alcoholism is a disease is widely accepted within the medical and scientific communities. Alcoholism is a disease of the brain which acts as a depressant on the central nervous system which causes dependence and the need for higher quantities of alcohol to achieve intoxication. In a review in 2001, a compared†¦show more content†¦Psychological factors exist as well. Having low self esteem or suffering from depression may lead to alcoholism. Having high levels of stress (anxiety) or emotional pain can lead to some people drinking alcohol to block out the turmoil. Certain stress hormones or lack of the properly developed coping mechanism has been associated with alcoholism. Another factor that exists is social and cultural factors. The glamorous want that drinking alcohol is portrayed in advertising and in the entertainment media sends many people messages that it’s ok to drink excessively. Signs/Symptoms Now how do you know if you or a loved one is suffering from alcoholism, how do you spot the signs? These days it is socially acceptable to drink, most social event have alcohol present and most of the time you may hear people say things like lets meet up for drinks after work or we will discuss over drinks. The difference between social drinking and alcoholism is when alcohol becomes your main focus. You may choose to only attend social events that serve alcohol, or you look forward to having a drink after work rather that spending time with friends or family. Drinking becomes a problem when a person drinks too much on a regular basis and they can sometime show some sort of control such as only drinking on the weekend, this is called binge drink ing when you consume large amountsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Alcoholism1274 Words   |  6 Pages What is Alcoholism? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The definition of alcoholism can be described as a chronic illness, which is marked by uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages that interferes with physical or mental health, and social, family or occupational responsibilities. This dependence on alcohol has only been diagnosed as a medical disorder recently in the medical field. Like many other diseases, it has a predictable course and is influenced environmentally and sometimes geneticallyRead MoreThe Movie When A Man Loves A Woman 1475 Words   |  6 PagesWoman’ is a 1994 romantic drama that portrays a married couple where the wife, Alice Green (a school counselor), displays alcohol use abuse (â€Å"When a Man Loves a Woman†, n.d.). According to the movie’s Wikipedia page, the main character that displays alcoholism is actress, Meg Ryan and her husband, whom is a pilot, in the movie is actor, Andy Garcia. Together they raised two daughters. One day Alice arrived home really drunk and became violent. Due to that behavior, she managed to fell onto the bathroomRead MoreThe Disease of Alcoholism Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe Disease of Alcoholism Alcoholism is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. Alcoholism is a complex disease with physical, social and psychological consequences, but it can be treated through detoxification and anti-anxiety drugs. What will be explained in this essay is basically the history of alcohol, signs of one possibly being an alcoholic, possibilitiesRead MoreAlcoholism Is A Major Issue1413 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism is a major issue in the United States and has been for many years. It destroys lives drink by drink. â€Å"It is estimated that between 18 million -- or one in 12 adults -- in the U.S. abuse alcohol or are chronic alcoholics. Nearly 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol abuse, and alcohol is a factor in more than half of the country s homicides, suicides, and traffic accident (Understanding Alcohol Abuse -- the basics).† Alc oholism is caused by genetic, physical, psychologicalRead MoreAn Alcoholic : Societal Views Vs. Reality1103 Words   |  5 Pageswould even be proud to be labeled an alcoholic. 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There are numerous factors in why people may become addicted. Usually, a variety of factors contribute to the development of alcoholism. Social factors such as the influence of peers, family, societyRead More alcohol Essay examples805 Words   |  4 Pages Alcoholism, chronic and usually progressive illness involving the excessive inappropriate ingestion of ethyl alcohol, whether in the form of familiar alcoholic beverages or as a constituent of other substances. Alcoholism is thought to arise from a combination of a wide range of physiological, psychological, social, and genetic factors. It is characterized by an emotional and often physical dependence on alcohol, and it frequently leads to brain damage or early deat h. Some 10 percent of the adultRead MoreDrunken Driving Accidents And The Biggest Party Of The Year1182 Words   |  5 Pageslying here dying and I wasn’t the one drinking and driving. ALCOHOLISM Drunken driving accidents are one of the leading causes of death of teens. Whether they are the driver or just in the car with someone. Alcoholism plays a big role in this. With it being a chronic and progressive disease there can be many different symptoms, causes, and risk factors and complications that can be associated with alcoholism. It can include difficulty regulating how much alcohol you drink. Also

The Ill-Made Knight Tone Essay Love on the Line free essay sample

In The Ill-Made Knight, the third book of The Once and Future King by T. H. White, there are many approaches to tone. Tone Is a writers attitude toward a subject or character and Is normally produced by diction. Tone Is shown In a passage that explains what It Is Like to Walt for Joy, referring to Guinevere as the one who waits and Lancelot as the cause of her waiting. The tone shifts from Intensity to anger as White displays a theme of how to treat a lover. Intensity Is first shown as an Impatient woman awaits for joy,In which should be given on time. It Is told that If a woman could Walt too long for victory she could be too old to enjoy It (474). White shows Intensity when he states that a woman would not be able to enjoy victory as long as time goes further and the readers know that the woman is Guinevere. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ill-Made Knight Tone Essay: Love on the Line or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is inferred that in order to please a woman, you can not keep her waiting. Following is the statement that it could be senseless to go on waiting for a joy, when joy was on the doorstep, and Time hurried BRB (474).It seems that time comes alive as White emphasizes it and how it just keeps going on. You can get the idea that there is no point in waiting for something that is so close, yet so far. Thus, men should take the opportunities to bring happiness to their lovers when they can because time is precious. Anger comes into the picture as Guinevere grows, but not in a good way because she still awaits for Lancelot. It is questioned if the months that go by are holy or more of selfishness in order to abandon another soul so as to save your own (474).Selfishness screams anger in any matter, especially in a crisis of love. It may leave the question, is it right for one to leave another hanging alone for your own concerns? According to White, Guinevere was not an insensate piece of property, to be taken up or laid down at his convenience (474). It is clearly told in Whites words that she is not a piece of property to be treated for the good of Lancelot. It is firm and gives the idea that no one else should be treated that way either. Consequently, when you have a lover, you eave a duty of respecting their soul Just as anyone would want theirs respected. In The Ill-Made Knight by T. H. White, the Intense and angry sides of the author come out greatly. There are two in every relationship and It takes both of them to create a loving world amongst themselves. There are many complex relationships throughout the book, but Guinevere and Lancets stands out and sends a message to all. None the less, time will go on, but your responsibility as a lover remains. The Ill-Made Knight Tone Essay: Love on the Line By traceless 1 OH Love on the Line In The Ill-Made Knight, approaches to tone. Tone is a writers attitude toward a subject or character and is normally produced by diction. Tone is shown in a passage that explains what it is like to wait for Joy, referring to Guinevere as the one who waits and Lancelot as the cause of her waiting. The tone shifts from intensity to anger as White displays a theme of how to treat a lover. Intensity is first shown as an impatient woman awaits for Joy, in which should be given on time.It is told that if a woman could wait too long for victory she could be too old to enjoy it (474). White shows intensity when he states senseless to go on waiting for a Joy, when Joy was on the doorstep, and Time hurried by (474). It seems that time comes alive as White emphasizes it and how it Just keeps The Ill-Made Knight by T. H. White, the intense and angry sides of the author come out greatly. There are two in every relationship and it takes both of them to create a the less, time will go on, but your responsibility as a lover remains.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays (769 words) - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird In the mid 1900s there were many types of families. Some families cared not about what other people thought about what they did, but about if it seemed right to them. Other families did not care what people thought nor did they try to behave descent. And still the families who did their best with what they had. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, these three types of families seem best displayed in the Finches, Ewells, and Cunninghams. To begin with, the Finch family, with only one parent, portrays a well-rounded family. First, Atticus Finch raises two children on his own. Jem and Scout, both basically good kids although they grew up with only one parent. They both usually do as Atticus says unless they believe in what they want to do. Don't go to him, he might not like it. He's all right, lets go home. I just wanted to see where he was. (p.151) Also, Scout has difficulty becoming a young lady. She has no mother figure to show her how a lady should dress and act. Aunt Alexandra moves in with the Finch family to show Scout how to act more like a lady. Jem's growing up now and you are too. We decided it would be best for you to have some feminine influence. (p.127) Aunty had a way of declaring What is Best For The Family, and I suppose her coming to live with us was in that category (p.129) Finally, Jem Finch grows up very responsible with Atticus's influence very strong. Though not having a mother figure also affect s him in that in the beginning he has no respect for the way Scout should dress and act as a lady. Towards the end having Aunt Alexandra as a mother influence helps him to realize Scout's role as a lady. It's time you started bein a girl and actin' right! (p. 115) Besides the Finches, the Ewell family, a disgrace to the town of Maycomb, lives in poverty and ignorance. To begin with, Robert Ewell, an abusive, hateful drunk, has no intellect or dignity whatsoever. He lives with his seven children in an impoverished home behind the city dump. No economic fluctuations changed their status-people like the Ewells lived as guests of the county in prosperity as well as in the depths of a depression (p.170) Also, the seven children of Mr. Ewell do nothing all day. They don't help Mayella keep things in order at their house. I felt right sorry for her, she seemed to try more'n the rest of 'em- (p.197) Then, Mayella Ewell, a lonely girl without a person in the world who cares for her, besides Tom Robinson, accuses her one friend of raping her. Tom Robinson cares enough about Mayella to do odd jobs for her around the house without being paid a cent. Mayelle seemed so lonely she would befriend anyone who showed even the slightest bit of interest in her. Sh e'd call me in, suh. Seemed like every time I passed by yonder she'd have some little somethin' for me to do- (p.191) Just as the Ewells had little money, neither did the Cunninghams, but they did their best to be upstanding citizens. First, Walter Cunningham, a quiet boy, attends school with Scout. He may be poor, but he acts like a perfect gentleman. The Cunninghams never took anything they could not pay back (p.20) Also, Mr. Cunningham, a friend of the Finch family, goes against Mr. Finch to try to kill Tom Robinson. Mr. Cunningham and a group of men come to kill Tom, but Scout, Jem, and Dill came and interrupted them. Scout went and talked to Mr. Cunningham and he called their raid off. Let's clear out, lets get going, boys. (p.154) Finally, the Cunningham family never borrows or takes anything they can not pay back. Mr. Finch did some entailments for Mr. Cunningham and Mr. Cunningham paid him with food. The Finches, Ewells, and Cunninghams, all families in the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, have many similarities and differences. The Ewells and Cunninghams, both poor, seem different in that the Ewells display trash and ignorance, and the Cunninghams display

The sonnet structure Essays

The sonnet structure Essays The sonnet structure Paper The sonnet structure Paper Edna St. Vincent Millays I will put Chaos into 14 lines sonnet is very vague on the surface. If you dig deeper, there could be a variety of interpretations. One interpretation is that this sonnet could be about a man. Him is referred to constantly throughout the sonnet. If you go with that theory, then the sonnet would be about a relationship with the man who seems chaotic to the narrator. The I is trying desperately to make some sense of him. Her goal is to make him good (14). That is only one possible argument, which could be argued, based on textual clues. The more likely interpretation is that this sonnet is about writing a sonnet. What helps lead the reader to that conclusion is evidence from the first line: I will put Chaos into fourteen lines (1). Fourteen lines is typically the length of a sonnet, and this particular sonnet is 14 lines. Now that we know what this particular sonnet is about, what does Millay have to say about writing sonnets and how does she say it? These questions will be explored in this paper. The first step is to look at the sonnet structure itself. This is a Petrarchan sonnet and follows the typical structure for this form. There is an octave, sestet and there is a rhyming scheme. The octave follows the typical rhyming scheme of ABBAABBA. The rhyme scheme in the sestet is CDCDCD and is a variation to the typical rhyme scheme. What lips my lips have kissed, and where and why is another Millay sonnet that follows the Petrarchan form and again has the slight variation in rhyming scheme which is CDEDCE in the sestet. The octave forms the question and the goal of the sonnet while the sestet addresses the question and attempts to resolve or comment on it. The overall structure of the sonnet can be quite rigid in the point of view of the poet who has to create based on these restrictions. The poet has to come up with a question and resolution. Poets also have to come up with words that follow a particular rhyme scheme. Creating a sonnet can seem like a difficult task. This is what Millay is struggling with in the beginning of I will put Chaos into 14 lines. I will put Chaos into 14 lines can be called a sonnet based on the criteria above. The octave sets the goal of the sonnet, and the particular goal of this sonnet is to put Chaos into 14 lines (1). That is what the writer does in the octave. He escapes and flood, fire, and demon (4) are released in the next line. Chaos is finally caught in the strict confines/ Of this sweet order (5-6). At the end of the octave Chaos mingles and combines with the order. Now that the goal of the octave has been set up, the sestet can attempt to resolve the goal. The resolution is that now that Chaos and Order have intermingled, the writer can finish the sonnet. The turn in the sonnet comes in the sestet when the writer proclaims that I have him. (11). The writer has been successful in putting the Chaos into 14 lines (1). What is the Chaos that the poet mentions in the first line? The chaos is referred to as him in the second line. Him is usually a pronoun for man. This again refers to the possible interpretation in the introduction. The him brings up an image of a man and since its a woman poet, the idea of a relationship emerges. Knowing that this sonnet is about writing a sonnet, a different interpretation emerges. Him could possibly refer to a muse since they are sources of inspiration. This muse is also the cause of the Chaos. The poets muse has been released on this sonnet and ideas are starting to form. Some of her early ideas are flood, fire and demon (4). Her muse releases these chaotic elements, but they do not work within the confines of the sonnet structure. What happens next is that the Chaos is trapped by the sonnet: his adroit designs / Will strain to nothing in the strict confines / of this sweet order (4-6). His adroit designs were the flood, fire and demon (4). Those were previous ideas that now do not work because they are trapped within the confines of the sonnet structure. The structure of the sonnet is also seen as sweet order. The sonnet structure can be confining in the fact that the poet needs an octave, sestet and rhyming scheme. These sonnet elements can bring some order to the Chaos. The poet knows that she needs to utilize these elements in her sonnet. They bring some order to the Chaos of her thoughts and ideas. As mentioned previously him represents a man. So why is this pronoun used through the sonnet? The idea of him as a muse also seems erotic since it creates an image of a relationship. Him eventually becomes caught and combined with Order. Why is this relationship between Chaos and Order significant? Its important because it adds another dimension to the sonnet. It adds the image of the relationship. Keeping in mind that this is a sonnet about writing a sonnet, the relationship image adds some insight into the writer. The Chaos is her muse and the Order is the sonnet structure. The Chaos that is her muse and ideas, is the one in control at the beginning of the poem. Then the Order of the sonnet structure gains the control and the writer is about to finish the task that she set out to accomplish. The Chaos and the Order play against each other and in the end they come together to create this sonnet. Millay has accomplished what she set out to do in this sonnet. She has successfully written a sonnet about the writing process. She has written the sonnet with in the confines of the sonnet structure. She has been a slave to her muse but she has conquered it in the end. Her ideas about writing have been captured in this sonnet. She has been successful in her goal.

The 5 Canons of Classical Rhetoric

The 5 Canons of Classical Rhetoric The classical Canons of Rhetoric specify the components of the communication act: inventing and arranging ideas, choosing and delivering clusters of words, and maintaining in memory a storehouse of ideas and repertoire of behaviors. . .  This breakdown is not as facile as it looks. The Canons have stood the test of time. They represent a legitimate taxonomy of processes. Instructors [in our own time] can situate their pedagogical strategies in each of the Canons.(Gerald M. Phillips et al., Communication Incompetencies: A Theory of Training Oral Performance Behavior. Southern Illinois University Press, 1991) As defined by the Roman philosopher Cicero and the unknown author of Rhetorica ad Herennium, the canons of rhetoric are these five overlapping divisions of the rhetorical process: Invention  (Latin, inventio; Greek, heuresis)Invention is the art of finding the appropriate arguments in any rhetorical situation. In his early treatise De Inventione (c. 84 B.C.), Cicero defined invention as the discovery of valid or seemingly valid arguments to render ones cause probable. In contemporary rhetoric, invention generally refers to a wide variety of research methods and discovery strategies. But to be effective, as Aristotle demonstrated 2,500 years ago, invention must also take into consideration the needs, interests, and background of the audience.Arrangement  (Latin, dispositio; Greek, taxis)Arrangement refers to the parts of a speech or, more broadly, the structure of a text. In classical rhetoric, students were taught the distinctive parts of an oration. Although scholars didnt always agree on the number of parts, Cicero and Quintilian identified these six: the exordium (or introduction), the narrative, the partition (or division), the confirmation, the refuta tion, and the peroration (or conclusion). In current-traditional rhetoric, arrangement has often been reduced to the three-part structure (introduction, body, conclusion) embodied by the five-paragraph theme. Style  (Latin, elocutio; Greek, lexis)Style is the way in which something is spoken, written, or performed. Narrowly interpreted, style refers to word choice, sentence structures, and figures of speech. More broadly, style is considered a manifestation of the person speaking or writing. Quintilian identified three levels of style, each suited to one of the three primary functions of rhetoric: the plain style for instructing an audience, the middle style for moving an audience, and the grand style for pleasing an audience.Memory  (Latin, memoria; Greek, mneme)This canon includes all the methods and devices (including figures of speech) that can be used to aid and improve the memory. Roman rhetoricians made a distinction between natural memory (an innate ability) and artificial memory (particular techniques that enhanced natural abilities). Though often disregarded by composition specialists today, memory was a crucial aspect of classical systems of rhetoric. As Frances A. Yates po ints out in The Art of Memory (1966), Memory is not a section of [Platos] treatise, as one part of the art of rhetoric; memory in the platonic sense is the groundwork of the whole. Delivery  (Latin, pronuntiato and actio; Greek, hypocrisis)Delivery refers to the management of voice and gestures in oral discourse. Delivery, Cicero said in De Oratore, has the sole and supreme power in oratory; without it, a speaker of the highest mental capacity can be held in no esteem; while one of moderate abilities, with this qualification, may surpass even those of the highest talent. In written discourse today, says Robert J. Connors, delivery means only one thing: the format and conventions of the final written product as it reaches the hands of the reader (Actio: A Rhetoric of Written Delivery in Rhetorical Memory and Delivery, 1993).   Keep in mind that the five traditional canons are interrelated activities, not rigid formulas, rules, or categories. Though originally intended as aids to the composition and delivery of formal speeches, the canons are adaptable to many communicative situations, both in speech and in writing.

Nike Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nike Ethics - Case Study Example Hazardous in the sense, even if the workers had skin or breathing problems, they were not transferred to departments free of chemicals and the employees who dealt with dangerous chemicals were not provided protective masks or gloves. (Case). If the employees wanted any leave from work, they had to work extra time to finish all the allocated work, then, only they are allowed to go. Even children were involved, and â€Å"Air Jordans,† range of shoes were alleged to be put together by 11'year-olds in Indonesia making 14 cents per hour. So, all these ethical issues, featured in the case, gave a negative ethical image for Nike 2. These ethical issues are important The above mentioned ethical issues are important for Nike because unless they solve it successfully, whatever success it achieves, it will get diluted. Because in current times, the target customers, media, certain groups and even other business organizations will view an organization favourably and associate with it, onl y if the organization incorporates ethics in every aspect of their functioning. If they miss ethics and carry out certain unethical actions, negatively impacting human rights, labour rights and even child lights, those organizations will not only be abhorred by various target groups, but will also be punished by relevant authorities. With Nike also being accused of such ethical violations, it is crucial for it to focus on these issues and take corrective actions. 3) Ethical guidelines in Finance and its relation to Nike Ethical guidelines may differ according to the various industries and also based on their role, company size, type of financial transactions that are carried out, etc. When one focuses on the financial discipline or sector, there are also many ethical guidelines according to the type of organization, the role and job of financial professionals, etc. However, there are certain common ethical guidelines in the financial sector. For example, finance code of ethics aids organizations and its top management to avoid significant legal problems or regulatory fines. (Codjia). For that, the code of ethics stipulates that organizations should avoid activities, which can be considered as illegal and/or unprofessional. U.S. regulations require a public accountant to maintain ethical values including correct procedures, secrecy, correct valuation without any external influence, etc, when auditing a company listed on a securities exchange. (Codjia). Thus, the financial professionals shall under no circumstance succumb to the pressure of the management in reporting the actual facts. 4. Reasonable solutions to Nike’s ethical issues Nike faced ethical issues mainly in its management of employees in its manufacturing units in the Third World Countries. It did not face ethical issues in its financial management matters. Although, the ethical codes related to finance sector may not be correlated to Nike’s ethical issues, and also the solutions cannot be found, there are still some applications and solutions. The main finance code of ethics talks about avoiding significant legal problems or regulatory fines, and from that perspective, Nike should carry out ethical activities in its manufacturing unit, so that they do not elicit any fines from the host governments. In addition, Nike should avoid acti

Pre-colombian america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pre-colombian america - Essay Example Incan empire was also a Pre-Columbian empire of America mainly concentrated in the South America. The main difference between the Aztec and the Incan empires is that the Incan empire acted like a large unified integrated empire where as the Aztec empire was considered to be a bigger city controlling a group of smaller cities. At the same time, Incan empire was larger than the Aztec empire and in fact it was the largest empire of the Pre-Columbian America during that period. Incan empire had its capital located in Cuzco. Its main concentration was in South America unlike the concentration of the Aztec empire in Central America. The origin of Incan empire was considered to be highlands of Peru during 1197. The Inca Empire was ruled by the Inca with an administrative units called dominions. Interestingly, the strength of this kingdom lied in its nature of economy in the form of the collective property of the land. They followed an aggressive policy after 1430s and concentrated much on e xpansion of kingdom especially in Western South America nearer to the Andes which comprises of present day countries like Peru, Argentina and Chile. However, during 1533 their last emperor Atahualpa, was killed due to Spanish attack under Francisco Pizarro. Hence the fall of both Aztec and Inca kingdoms was resulted due to attack from Spanish rulers. The main factor responsible for the decline of the Aztec kingdom was the human sacrifice conducted by them irrespective of social and political consequences. In other words, the blind faith in their religious and cultural feelings especially in human sacrifice gave the scope for outside rulers like the Spanish kings to attack and defeat them with a small number of soldiers. The fall of Incan empire was also due to religious factors like their illogical faith in superstitions. The very foundation of Incan empire on mythical thought, conceptualizing the

Reporting Practices and Ethics Essay Example for Free

Reporting Practices and Ethics Essay Introduction Reporting practices and ethical standards are the most important building blocks that are needed to build a successful health care organization or any business. These reporting practices and ethical standards prove to be the upmost important practices in any health care organization. When reviewing all the variables and factors, one considers the principals listed in the generally accepted accounting principles. There are several factors to consider and inforce these principles in an organization. To successfully implement generally accepted accounting principles and execute corporate compliance, an organization should consider in order for building a successful organization; ethics, fraud and abuse are all key components for maintaining a successful health care or business organization. A successful organization cannot be successful unless they integrate and implement the four elements for financial management. In order to implement and execute the four element of financial management for a successful organization, the four elements should be implemented and carried out in full on a daily basis for every procedure and operation within the organization. Controlling, planning, organizing, and decision making are the four components every business and/or health care organization should adopt. The four elements are the keys to every good business ethics and standards to maintain a successful organization. Four Elements of Financial Management The planning stage of the four elements of financial management proves this stage, is vital to set goals for a healthcare organization end to end with its execution of this stage and the other four elements. The next element of financial management is the controlling stage and in this important stage the organization must set goals for their organization and that each goal is executed and carried out. A perfect example of how an administrator /director/ manager in a healthcare organization can control their  organization is to conduct audits of the department they oversee. Decision making is defined as the overall performance of the other three elements and determination on wither or not the overall performance of the other elements. The success of this can be measured Decision making in conjunction with the other elements and the overall performance and success of other 3 elements ultimately determines decision making elements. Examples, if the organization exceeds the funds budgeted and find they are over budget, the decision making element comes in to play to review these items over budget and make an action plan to correct and/or prevent in the future. The four components are a vitally in financial management there are also other important principals and standards. The Generally accepted accounting principles and general financial ethical standards along with corporate compliance, ethics, or fraud and abuse are equally important separately and combined. The four functions of management help the facilities function properly and give the management the opportunity to resolve any issue or obstacle that may present as well as the opportunity to growth and make them better to perform and utilized the resources around them. Management is responsible for beginning the process for procedure or task at hand and sustaining the actual method of internal control that is set by the organization. It is important that management/ administrator/ director to oversee and maintain the budget control. The manager/admin/director overseeing the budget should be knowledgeable of how to control the budget and in order to maintain budget control, they should regulate to increase productivity and be familiar with assets, financial reporting and account summary. Every cooptation or health care organization is necessitate to meet the satisfactory operational needs, consequently cash management function helps any organization begin to create a set of policies and procedures to ensure that federal funds are not withdraw unreasonable from the organization and payments are made properly to the programs (Ethics and Compliances May 1994). According to Ethical Behavior by Companies Benefit Society and Business (November 13, 2010), when applying ethical business practices, says that business should ensure that the production of its services should be environmentally ecological and every human involve in the production should not be dangerous or harmful for them. Ethical practices involve the strong financial reporting as well as consideration  for the social and environmental impact of the business. Audit reports help the organizations know the financial condition of the organization for Health Care or any other business as well as the result of the organization’s day to day internal operations. Audits are helpful when following the practices of financial reporting practices of the organization can serve as a checks and balances and a great tool for capturing financial data, if management checks the financial audit reports often. Financial reports explain in detail how the organization is doing and prevents negative numbers on the company because it records any procedure and activity that happens in the organization (Ethics and Compliances. May 1994). According to American College of Physicians (Snyder. 2012), the environment for the delivery of health care continues to change. Sites of care are shifting, with more care provided in ambulatory settings while the intensity of inpatient care increases. Generally Accepted Accounting Principals â€Å"The phrase â€Å"generally accepted accounting principles† is a technical account term that encompasses the conventions, rules, and procedures necessary to define accepted accounting practice at a particular time. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are concerned with the measurement of economic activity, the timed when such measurements are to be made and recorded, the disclosures surrounding this activity, and the preparation and presentation of summarized economic information in the form of financial statements (Bragg, 2012). Generally accepted accounting principles also known as GAAP to understand the definition better, GAAP are guidelines that one should follow when trying to establish proper financial documents and reports. With these guidelines to follow, it was easier to maintain the financial reporting’s for all fields, including healthcare. The generally accepted accounting principles were held in the highest regard. The guidelines of the GAAP have had a high authority when it came to determining financial practices in healthcare. The GAAP influence has dwindled if not stopped. It was stated that it was not required for hospitals, nursing homes or any kind of healthcare facility to adhere to the GAAP (Taebel 1995). It has been documented that the guidelines of the GAAP has caused facilities to lose money, even though they knew what was best about recognizing costs. It has  been suggested that is not required to make decisions based off of the general accepted accounting principles. Capital costs are reimbursed according to a prospective payment system; providers are being paid a predetermined amount regardless of GAAP issues (Taebel, 1995). Conclusion There are countless of different ways that we can touch bases on to understand the importance of a cohesive financial department. It is essential to its success to be ethically compliant and to follow through with policy and procedure. It is up to the financial managers to execute and enforce proper guidelines. In conclusion, there are four elements of the financial structure that is the basis for a financial departments success which are planning, controlling, organizing and decision making. With this information we were able to understand and summarize more in depth the importance of generally accepted accounting principles and general financial ethical standards. Finally, we were able to view examples in those respecting terms and gain understanding from them. By compiling all of these elements together can guarantee a solid financial department in any healthcare facility. References American College of Physicians (2010) Ethics in Practice: Managed Care and the Changing Health Care Environment. Retrieved 11/13/2010 from http://www.annals.org/content/ Bragg, Steven M. Wiley GAAP 2012: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (10th Edition). Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley Sons, 2011. ProQuest ebrary. Web1 May 2015. Ethics and Compliances Retrieved 11/13/2010 from http://www.miamivalleyhospital.org/mvhdefault.aspx?id=12746 (May 1994) Snyder L, for the American College of Physicians Ethics, Professionalism, and Human Rights Committee. American College of Physicians Ethics Manual: Sixth Edition. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:73-104. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201031-00001 Taebel, S.W. (1995, October). Supreme Court ruling reduces GAAPs authority in Medicare cases. Healthcare Financial Management, 49(10)

The Aboriginal People of Newfoundland :: American America History

The Aboriginal People of Newfoundland The Beothuk people of Newfoundland were not the very first inhabitants of the island. Thousands of years before their arrival there existed an ancient race, named the Maritime Archaic Indians who lived on the shores of Newfoundland. (Red Ochre Indians, Marshall, 4.) Burial plots and polished stone tools are occasionally discovered near Beothuk remains. Some people speculate that, because of the proximity of the artifacts to the former lands of the Beothuk, the Maritime Archaic Indians and the Beothuk may have been related. It is not certain when the Beothuk arrived on the island. In fact little is actually known about the people, compared to what is known about other amerindian civilisations, only artifacts and stories told by elders tell the historians who these people really were. Some speculate that they travelled from "Labrador to Newfoundland across the strait of Belle Isle, which at one time was only 12 miles wide. By about 200 AD the Beothuk Indians were probably well settled into Newfoundland."(Red Ochre, 8) The Beothuk were not alone on Newfoundland wither. The Dorset Eskimos, who came from Cape Dorset regions of the north around 500 BC also shared the island. They presumably had contact with the Beothuk, exchanging tools or engaging in battle. In any case the Dorset Indians died out leaving Newfoundland empty to the control of the Beothuk people who now had no enemies and a wide vast territory. The Beothuk, although part of the Algonkian family developed their own language and culture. The 400 words that are still known from their language prove their Algonkian heritage. The development of their culture was a great success. The success of the Beothuk people as a whole was in part because of their skills in fishing, hunting and travel. They were the "only amerindian group to navigate on the high seas."(Grabowski lecture Oct 4,`96.) This was because of the construction of their canoes. Normally paddling on the high seas is dangerous, but Beothuk canoes were so designed to with stand high waves and stay accurately on course. The canoes "were made of a frame work of spruce and then covered with birch bark."(Red Ochre, 9) They curved high at the sides and a sharp bottom acted as a keel. The high sides protected as a barrier from wave swamping the boat. Because of hunting expeditions on the Funk islands, 60 kilometres from shore, ocean travel was evident and sea worthiness was essential.

Grade 9 Geography Exam Review Essay

Geography Exam Review Grade 9 1) Unit 1- Introduction to Geography a) What is Geography? * Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical and human systems/features and the relationships among them. * Physical Features: rivers, mountains, etc. * Human Features: buildings, cities, etc. b) The Five Themes of Geography * Location (Absolute and Relative) * Absolute and relative locations are 2 ways of describing the positions of the Earth’s physical and cultural features. * Ex: Mogadishu, Somalia, is at 2 degrees north latitude, 45 degrees east longitude. * Place (Physical and Human Characteristics) * All places on Earth have special features that distinguish them from other places. * Ex: Lake Baikal is 25 million years old, more than one mile wide, and contains 1/5 of the Earth’s fresh water. * Human-Environment Interactions (Relationships Within Places) * People interact with their environment and change them in different ways. * Ex: 90% of America’s garbage is buried in landfill sites, the cheapest option to waste disposal. * Movement (Mobility of People, Goods, and Ideas) * How things move from one place to another (information, objects, people) * Ex: AIDS is believed to have started in equatorial Africa. It has been transmitted to other parts of the world via tourists, immigrants, and military personnel. * Regions (How They Form and Change) * Regions are areas on the surface of the Earth that are defined by certain unifying characteristics. * Ex: Mexico and Germany are subdivided into states; Canada and France call their subdivisions provinces. c) Mapping * What is a Map? * A map is a representation of the Earth’s features drawn on a flat surface. * Types of Maps * General Purpose Map * Provides many types of information on one map. * Ex: Water, roads, railways, lines, parks. * Thematic Maps * Shows specific information about one particular topic. * Ex: Canada’s populations, Canada’s wonderland. * Topographic Maps * Shows a variety of features of land. * Ex: Mountains, rivers, landforms. * Large Scale Maps * Shows a large amount of detail of a small area. * Ex: Cities, towns, residential communities. * Small Scale Maps * Shows a small amount of detail of a large area. * Ex: Countries, continents. * Map Requirements (BOLTSS) * B= Border * To keep map within boundaries * O= Orientation * Shows direction * L= Legend * So people know what colours/symbols mean * T= Title * What your map shows * S= Scale * Shows distance on a map compared to real life distances * S= Source * To show where info is from

Autobiography Undral Batsukh

My name is Undral Batsukh. I was born in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Now I’m living with my husband and my two children in Darkhan City, Mongolia. . When I was seven-years-old. I enrolled in the secondary school No. 81 in 1988. I successfully completed my secondary school majoring in the social science with the grade â€Å"A† in 1998. After graduation, I entered The National Institute of Mongolia in 1998 under the selection for the students specializing on the Law. While I was studying in 4th grade, I did my first intership in â€Å"Tugs uchrahui† Co. ,ltd. I successfully graduated and awarded /Diploma with Distinction/ degree of Bachelor of Lawyer. My GPA was /3. 13/, thesis â€Å" Public administration law /90 A/, civil law /90 A/. After graduation I became a state agent. I worked in the †Police office of the Khan-uul district†. From 2005 I worked as Expert of local statistical information. At this time I applied up-to-date information technologies in our office activity. Since May 2009 I have been working as an officer in charge of internal affairs in the Governor’s Department of the Darkhan City. While I was working I always tried to improve my skills. In particular, I?passed the legal examination of the Ministry of Justice, then I got the official certification of the accepted Lawyer from this Ministry in 2005. In accordance to the Civil Service Law of the Mongolia I successfully passed the examination for the accepted state agent in 2006. In addition, now I’m the leader of Governor’s Department Labor Union, head of Women’s Federation of Darkhan city, the leader of the Sorority and member of the Mongolian Social Democrat Youth Organization. In last year 2009 Darkhan city Governor appreciated my achievement to promote Province’s social , economy and culture situation then awarded by the Certificate of merit. In 2009 authorities honored my efforts and awarded â€Å"Honorary Certificate† by Provincial Governor’s Office. I have been working 8 years in State Administrative system and 7 years of them worked in Government organization. If someone asks me to describe myself in the three words I’ll answer that â€Å"I am independent, hardworking and cheerful. Because I have a dream. Dream to do some development for my City. Development to promote life of our local citizens. I always try to improve myself. I have experience on many projects and I was doing statistical stuffs there. So that the things we learn on research methodology course is very close to me except it is in English. I will do my best to graduate from here successfully. I am interested in the projects involved to the prospering Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Mongolia. The reason of my interest is involved to the objective of developing SMEs to reduce poverty & unemployment, and to improve the well-being of society and human beings. So that I would like to choose a topic related to the development of SMEs in Mongolia. After successful graduation from Taiwan I want to come back to my country Darkhan city with qualified experience of management and to contribute for development of Mongolia as a part of integration of the world. Written by Undral Batsukh 01/04/2011 When I get back to my hometown Darkhan, I am going to work on the issues related to the development of Small and Medium Enterprises and also implement the projects involved to the poverty reduction.

20 Examples of How to Ask for a Customer Review (Plus Templates)

20 Examples of How to Ask for a Customer Review (Plus Templates) Does anyone buy anything these days without reading *at least* a handful of customer reviews first? The answer is no†¦ or very  few. 90%, actually – that’s the percentage of consumers who read online reviews before visiting a business or purchasing a product. It stands to reason†¦. People trust each other more than they trust companies. But how can a company encourage current or former customers to leave reviews? This post covers *a ton* of real-life examples of how companies have encouraged customer reviews for better credibility and conversion rates. Before you dive into all these examples, here are a few free templates to help you along. You’ll find: 5 â€Å"Ask for a Review† Templates to help you communicate with your customers. An Email Marketing Calendar  to plan all your outgoing drip campaigns. A Best Time to Send Email Kit to ensure you’re emailing at optimal times. Email Marketing Bundle  to get your email marketing strategy in order.21 awesome examples of how to ask for customer reviews.Reviews and the Customer Lifecycle You’ve made a sale – which is awesome. BUT, the sales funnel  doesn’t end when someone makes a purchase. The customer lifecycle and funnel extends beyond the sale – where customers are made into loyal advocates. Recommended Reading: The Best Way to Set Up and Troubleshoot Your Sales Funnel Great service makes for happy customers; happy customers leave reviews; customer reviews make for better product pages; better product pages make more sales. It’s one big circle. So just sit back and wait for all those great reviews to come pouring in, right? Well, you could†¦ OR you could take a more proactive approach. Post-purchase emails which encourage customer feedback play an important role in building loyalty and advocacy. You may be wondering... What’s the best way to get someone to leave a review of your product? How can I find some examples of what other companies do? Are there different approaches to this and is one better than the other? I got you. This post contains 20 real-life examples of how to ask customers to leave a review... so you can decide what approach you want to try and how to layout your email for the best results. Reviewing the Product or the Company This first thing you’ll want to consider when asking someone to leave a review is if you want them to review the product they purchased or your company as a whole. You will likely want to choose the individual product  if†¦ You’re selling on an external site like Amazon. Your company sells many different products. The item the customer purchased is a new release. The products you sell aren’t big-ticket items. It’s probably best to ask for a company review  if†¦ Your company only sells a few products. The products you sell are big-ticket items. You’re a new company. Asking for a Product Review s Here are a handful of examples of companies that ask for customers to review their products. J. Crew Here’s a simple example of how to ask customers to leave reviews for products they recently purchased. The company has a dynamic email that auto-populates with the recently purchased products. The customer can easily leave a review by simply clicking on the â€Å"share your thoughts† CTA. What’s good about this? It’s straight forward; no beating around the bush here. As a customer, you know exactly what the purpose of the email is. It’s easy to navigate. The links make it easy to navigate to the review page. It’s short. Review emails don’t have to be lengthy. Do like J. Crew and keep them short and sweet. Barkbox Subscription service, Barkbox, reaches out to customers to rate their most recent box. The email is a good example of how to ask for a product rating when your company only offers one or two services. Since the customer is receiving a curated box of products, Barkbox can use the customer feedback to continually improve its offering. What’s good about this email? Again, this is a very simple email that gets right to the point. The scale rating makes it easy to rate the product without a ton of thought. By allowing the customer to rate the product directly in the email, you can increase the likelihood of someone leaving a review. Crate Barrel Crate Barrel takes it one step further by combining a review email with a plug for a current promotion. This makes sense since the individual has already purchased from the company, but it could also distract from the purpose of the email. If you’re going to insert a promotion into your review emails, make sure it is only one and it is included after the leave a review section. What’s good about this email? The copy is clever and is a play on interior design. Combines a promo to encourage further sales. Takes you directly to the review page. Gap Gap takes a more personal approach by including a personalized intro paragraph. This takes a more indirect approach compared to some of the earlier examples, but it does a good job of making the reader feel like Gap’s customer service cares about their opinion. What’s good about this email? It’s personalized. The headline makes it clear what the company is asking for. Includes the recent order number as a reminder. Etsy Etsy’s product review emails are written in a way to make it seem like there is a necessary task waiting for completion. The emails highlight the need for a review with a large, prominent CTA that stands out from the text. What’s good about this email? The button is prominent. The copy is compelling and makes the reader feel like there is something that still needs to be completed. Includes a short sentence about why it’s important to leave a review. Under Armour Here’s another example that is very straight forward. The reader knows exactly what the company is asking for, but also why reviews are important to the company’s mission. What’s good about this email? The headline stands out in highlighted yellow. The CTA’s are clearly marked with large buttons. The vertical layout makes it easy see each product available for review. L'Occitane French skincare brand, L’Occitane, combines both a personalized intro paragraph and easy to find CTA buttons to make sure the reader can easy navigate to the product review page. What’s good about this email? It has a short personalized intro paragraph. The vertical layout is easy-to-read. There are buttons vs just linked text. Sephora Sephora has a truly unique way of collecting customer reviews. The company offers users a special area of their site called, My Beauty Bag. My Beauty Bag is a personalized area that collects the user’s favorite products and organizes recent purchases as well as product reviews. What’s good about this email? It informs the receiver of what My Beauty Bag is. Has links to go directly to each product review. Michaels Michaels’ leave a review email is a fun play on arts and crafts and fits the company’s brand perfectly. What’s great about this email? The branding is on point for the company’s product offering. The copy offers a fun play on words. The products are clearly laid out with an image and CTA. Society 6 Society 6 offers the ability to do the entire product review directly in the email. They make it easy by including the ability to leave a star rating for the product AND write your text comments without navigating away from the email. They also highlight their Instagram hashtag to help the company curate user content. What’s good about this email? Readers can leave a review without navigating away. Incorporates their social media strategy. Offers two different review styles. Target Target’s customer review email is a good mix of all the best elements listed above. It has a clear title that stands out from the rest of the text; It offers an easy-to-see star rating that can be done directly in the email; and a bold CTA if you want to leave a more in-depth review. What’s good about this email? It’s short and sweet. The star rating makes it easy to rate without navigating out of the email client. The headline and the CTA button stand out.

Absolute Beginner English Basic Adjectives

Absolute Beginner English Basic Adjectives When absolute beginner students are able to identify a number of basic objects, that is a good time to introduce some basic adjectives to describe those objects. You will need to have some illustrations of similar objects that look slightly different. Its helpful to have them mounted on the same size of cardstock and have them big enough to show to everyone in the classroom. For Part III of this lesson, you will want to have, at minimum, one image per student. Preparation Prepare the lesson by writing a number of adjectives on the board. Use adjectives that are paired in opposites, such as the following: beautiful- uglyold- newhot- coldold- youngbig- smallcheap- expensivethick- thinempty- full Notice that you should use adjectives that describe the outward appearance of things because students have learned only basic everyday object vocabulary prior to this. Part I: Introducing Adjectives Teacher: (Take two illustrations that show similar things in different states.) This is an old car. This is a new car. Teacher: (Take two illustrations that show similar things in different states.) This is an empty glass. This is a full glass. Continue pointing out the differences between the various things. Part II: Getting Students to Describe Illustrations After you feel comfortable that students are familiar with these new adjectives, begin to ask students questions. Stress that students should answer in complete sentences.   Teacher: What is this? Student(s): That is an old house. Teacher: What is this? Student(s): That is a cheap shirt. Continue choosing between the various objects. Besides the traditional  calling on individual students for answers, you can also make a circle game out of this activity. Turn  over the images onto a table and have students each choose one from the pile (or hand them out facedown).  Then each student flips over the image and describes it. After each student has had a turn, mix up the images and have everyone draw again. Part III: Students Ask Questions For this circle game, hand out the various images to the students. The first student, student A, asks the student to his/her left, student B, about the image. Student B responds and then asks the student to his/her left, student C, about Bs image, and so on around the room. For additional practice, reverse the circle so that every student gets to ask and respond about two images. If it will take too long to go around a circle because of the class size, have students pair off and discuss their images. They can then switch pairs with people near them or trade images. Teacher: (Student A name), ask (student B name) a question. Student A: Is this a new hat? OR What is this? Student B: Yes, that is a new hat. OR No, that isnt a new hat. It is an old hat. Questions continue around the room. Part III: Alternative If you want to create a mingle with this activity, deal an image to each student, facedown. Students cannot show anyone their image and instead need to find the opposite of the one they have, like an interactive Go-Fish game. If you have an odd number of students, include yourself in the mingle. Alternates are listed in case students have not had do or where yet.  For  example: Student A: Do you have an old house? OR Where is the old house? OR Are you the old house? I have the new house OR I am the new house.   Student B: I have an expensive bag. I am not the old house.

Choose a company that is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The Essay

Choose a company that is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The company should have a sustainability report - Essay Example It includes some data like 90% relationship managers are ready to help the customers after the business has taken place, more than 95% of the employees go though the training of anti money laundering. It has funded 200 million pounds for effective carbon reduction as a corporate social responsibility. It has also provided MoneySense lesion to more than 340000 young people. It has donated 3 million pounds to those organisations which help young women and people to start their own business. It always consults with and listens to its stakeholders’ problems and shows transparency in every operation in the business. To being a good employer it provides all types of tools and support to the employees that they can do their jobs efficiently and can improve themselves continuously (RBS Group, 2012, p.3). Critical evaluation on the techniques that are used by the company to discharge its social and environmental accountability to society RBS considers sustainability as its main focus a rea to achieve the goals and it makes sure that any problem that has happened in the past will not happen again in future. Corporate Governance RBS has built its sustainability on a strong governance framework which gives a clear picture of the strategic development activities of the company. It has Group Sustainability Committee (GSC) which is monitored by the senior independent director Sandy Crombie. It also includes other non executive directors from all business areas. The GSC has conducted various developmental programs within the company. In the year 2012, it has reviewed the overall strategies and policies of sustainability towards social, ethical and environmental issues. In 2013 it has solved various issues regarding customer and citizenship activities. Now GSC will look after the issues and challenges of managers in resolving various sustainability and environmental issues relating to all shareholders groups (RBS Group, 2012, p.34). Environmentally efficient operations RB S has measured the progress against their targets to reduce the impact on environment. It has made firm step towards achieving all their aims by 2015-2020. It has aimed to reduce 200 million pounds costs by 2020 to achieve their environmental goals. Energy In the year 2012, RBS has reduced the energy consumption by 5.5% and they will reduce it by 15% by 2015. It has achieved this improvement by the help of their efficient energy management team. The management is continuously purchasing electricity from various new sources in UK. In 2012, 66% of the company’s electricity was from different renewable sources. Water During the year 2012, the company has reduced its water usage by 4.9% and they will reduce it by 12% by 2015. It was done by taking various initiatives in the buildings like restricting the tap flow, urinals without water. Waste The company also has a provision to recycle their wastages and has recycled 69% of the total waste in 2012. The waste management team has t aken proactive measures to reach the target in UK and US. They have also improved their process of waste collection in 2012. It will reduce 15% waste disposing in landfill

Employee involvement. Do employee involvement programs improve Essay - 3

Employee involvement. Do employee involvement programs improve organizational performance Discuss with reference to a minimum of four empirical studies - Essay Example This study seeks to identify the relationship between gun ownership and the crime levels in various countries of the world. The study classifies crime levels as either serious or less serious and this it explores in relation to gun ownership. It can be obviously concluded that gun ownership tends to increase the chances that it will be used inappropriately in some instances and result into more serious crimes as compared to a situation where the guns are not easily available. This paper examines the rates that such incidences have been involved and the seriousness of the crime by using the available data. From this perspective, it is true that crime levels will be serious in instances of gun ownership but this leaves behind the ownership status whether legal or illegal, (Bruce Wilcox, 1998). Gun licenced users need to be assessed their state of mind among other things before they are offered with the right to use such powerful weapons, (Draper,1981). According to Fessenden (2010), the legal side of gun ownership is a veritable snake pit of good and bad where all the gun owners need to take a crash course. This course is intended to reduce the incidences that are associated with gun misuse whether privately or in public places. Hence the various states that allow gun ownership have different laws that need to be adhered to enable minimisation of casualties to gun victims. This research needs to put across the ideology that there is the necessary training when awarding gun ownership licences in its detailed gun ownership concerns. There is a general assumption in this research that guns facilitate the violence witnessed in majority of the crimes reported in the better parts of the European countries. It is the general assumption of this study too that the European countries discussed are having stringent measures to ensure that the guns available to the

Contract law- solving a problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract law- solving a problem - Assignment Example This means the agreement is regulated and injured parties is provided with remedy should the contractual obligations fail to occur. In this case, Pete on realizing that the business is registering lower profits as a result of foreign competition approaches his landlord to have a reduction in payment of rent. Nath on the other hand ascents to this with a promise. This however does not qualify as a consideration in the contract. Whincup (2006) This case relates to the Rule in the High Trees (Central London Property Ltd v. High Trees House Ltd, 1947). High Trees entered into a rental agreement to rent flats from CLT. As the war proceeded High Trees, lack of enough clients made it difficult for High Trees to receive adequate rental income. Consequently, CLT accepted to receive reduced amount of rent. On completion of the war, CLT demanded full rent as the number of tenants started to rise. The court ruled that original full rent would be paid. However CLT could have no claim for the arrears. This ruling was based on the promissory estoppel that hindered CLT from going back to his promise (Ottley and Rush, 2006). As ruled out in the Pinnel’s case, (1602). Cole owed as sum of  £8.50 to Pinnel. This was due on November the 11th. Pinnel however made a request and Cole sent a lesser payment of  £5.11 on the first day of October. Pinnel agreed this amount in full settlement. Pinnel thereafter sued his debtor for the amount owed. The court decided that acceptance of part-payment was not a consideration but this would be binding in the case that fresh consideration be provided by the debtor if the creditor requested so. In relation to the case of Central London Property Ltd v. High Trees House Ltd, 1947), Nath accepted half rental payment. Pete promise was non-contractual and not sufficient for consideration. According to (Bose, 2008), promise made by debtor in payment of time barred debt

Effects of the 8th Amendment on American Law Essay Example for Free

Effects of the 8th Amendment on American Law Essay The Eighth Amendment Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.Ever since the Eighth Amendment was ratified by the states in 1791, it has been a key part of our Constitution. The Eighth Amendment has protected our people from many things, including an overly high bail or unnatural punishments. It has ensured that in civil matters, as well as criminal cases, the people of America are protected from an overly high bail and cruel and unusual punishments. The Eighth Amendment has stirred up many controversies with its many paths of interpretation, in that the U.S. amendments are written down on paper but sometimes not properly enforced. The 8th amendment is the one I favor least and is to be examined during this assignment. I take the double-minded position on the subject of the 8th Amendment of for and against this amendment. Is the Death Penalty an Effective Punishment? In my opinion yes, with at least one important respect, it simply cannot be argued that a killer, once executed, can ever kill again. The crime must fit the punishment in order to justify, and this punishment must not favor anyone on the foundation of color. If this were the case I would without a doubt totally agree with this amendment, however, Studies show that there are racial biases when the death penalty is carried out. Since the resumption of executions in the early 1980s, 40 percent of those executed have been black. And more often than not blacks were more often executed than were whites without having their conviction reviewed by any higher court. The race of the victim and the defendant inevitably influences the decision to seek a death sentence. University of Iowa law professor David Baldus conducted an exhaustive criminal sentencing study in Georgia in the 1980s. He found that prosecutors sought the death penalty for 70% of black defendants with white victims, but only 15% of black defendants with black victims. Similar patterns of racial bias are found across the country. Over half of those on death row are people of color. Black men alone make up over 42% of all death row prisoners, though they account for only 6% of people living in the U.S. Nationwide, cases involving a white victim and a defendant of color are most likely to result in a death sentence. The Baldus study found that six out of ten defendants sentenced to death in Georgia for  killing a white person would not have received a death sentence had their victim been black. A case involving a white person was over four times more likely to result in a death sentence than was a comparable black victim case. In Maryland the state with one of the highest percentages of African Americans on death row a death sentence is eight times more likely in a white victim case than a black victim case, according to a 1987 Public Defenders Office study. Nearly half of those executed since 1976 have been people of color, with blacks alone accounting for 35%. All told, 82% have been put to death for the murder of a white person. Only 1.8% was whites who had been convicted of killing people of African, Asian, or Latin descent. Meanwhile, people of color are the victims in more than half of all homicides. Since 1930, one in two persons executed was black. Ultimately I must stand on the side of opposition with this Amendment on the basis of bias and suggest a moratorium until a clear version of this amendment is established with clear mandatory sentences regardless of the victim or the defendants ethnicity and does what it initially intended to do which is protect The American citizen without breaking other amendments in the process. Criminal court procedures are at an all time slow and speedy trials are a thing of the past. The government spending and income policies need to be modified to modern times. Also the treason penalty should be more heinous in the new world.ins an important part of our government. Works Cited Shortall, Joseph M.; Merrill, Denise W. Education Information Resource Center City: Publisher N/A, 1987. McCLESKEY v. KEMP- 481 U.S. 27 [Ty caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase. caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=usvol=481invol=279www.law.uiowa.edu/faculty/david-baldus.php

Kinetic Sculpture :: Creative Writing Sculpture Essays

Kinetic Sculpture A six foot circular cast iron table is perfect to gather around for conversations. If one drops a glass on it there’s no doubt it will shatter. Tonight me and three kinetic sculptors will gather around the table to eat and discuss matters of sculpture. Where it is moving and what the best parts of it there are. Wm Dubin is on a plane from Ireland right now. He is an excellent craftsman who’s been around for a long time, since the abstract expressionist movements of the early 1950’s. His work is quite elusive, it has never been collected by anyone. He is somewhat like William Blake. He’s an older man now, he’s got hairy ears. Keeps to himself. People I’ve talked to say he can be found wandering the streets of industrial zones, top hat and cane just staring at the steel ghosts of the Irish industrial era. This is where he pulls most of his inspiration. Its always hard to please old people, they must have things their way, they’re just used to it. My guess is that he probably eats like an old factory worker. Mashed potatoes, stew, beef stuff that a factory worker eats after a hard days work. His sculptures look like industrial parks fit for a world of people a quarter inch tall. There is gears, motors, engines, and polished pipes that lead to unknown places. The constant sound of electricity and firing of pistons all in uniform motion. He has such skill at precision tuning he could have been an excellent machinist. He believes in balancing technical skill and creative intuition. In the 1950’s this was looked down upon by the schools and artists, due to the abstract expressionist movement. Dubin was considered the enemy, his sculptures were polished, technical, and functional and in a school were free expression and uselessness of methodical approaches were embraced Dubin was an outsider. Maybe this is why he keeps to himself. The American

Marketing plan description

What major demographic developments and trends pose opportunities or threats to firms doing business in this product category? Cutter Automotive can expect the following demographic changes to affect them (Ferron J) Reduction in number of customers who buy on impulse The customer base is decreasingly responsive to novelty , change and variety The customer of the present generation is looking for quality , durability and appropriateness There is an increased trade off between time and convenience to get a good buy. The customer base is looking for the best bargain and is not loyal like the earlier generations There is noticed increased loyalty to brands but not over all the products of that brand. The generation of today is spending more time and money at home There is noticed an increased focus on purchases with the future in mind. The customer is also information savvy and can be expected to know the in and out of the products and offers. The above list of changes can be an opportunity or a threat to the firm depending on the decisions that it implements. The firm can tailor its future business plan to take into account the changing mindset of the customer and make the shift in demographics an opportunity not a threat. The customer of the future is looking for the best bargain and is working more often than not on a budget.    The families of tomorrow are also 2 or more car families and if the dealership can convert sale into loyalty, the benefits could accrue in the form of future business. Due to the advent of the information age, the dealer can no longer rely on smooth talking sales personnel but on delivery of facts and offers. The dealership also needs to keep in mind the increase in online booking especially since the cars are mass made. What broad cultural or sub cultural patterns affect the public’s attitude towards the firms and/or products of the firms doing business in this product category? There exists a general perception amongst the public that car dealerships can be equated to words like â€Å"fleecing†. There also exists a perception like the dealership sells old cars made to look like new, over charges for accessories, the discounts advertised are not really discounts; customer is leeched if not careful. In a study conducted by HarrisInteractive for a project entitled Automotive Retailing today in 2004 , it was found that negative perceptions about what it is like to buy a car from a dealership is very different from actual experiences . These are sentiments handed down from generation to generation or person to person. A sample few may have had a bad experience or the dealership attitude may have been in the projected negative mould, and this has established itself as the image associated with a car dealership. This perhaps stems from the time when manufacturers were few , the car dealer was the all knowing and important person in control of sales , there was a monopoly of sorts and the product was an expensive investment. This situation may have given rise to the advice â€Å" Be careful while buying a car from the dealership , they will try to fleece you†. The study also found that people did not trust car dealerships in general but trusted â€Å"their† dealership, people held the perception that buying a car from the dealer is always a bad experience but personally never had one , women are not treated as well as men in an auto dealership. Cited Ferron ,   J., an

Becoming American

Dinesh D'Souza was born in Mumbai, India to parents from the state of Goa in Western India. He grew up in a middle-class family in Mumbai. His father was a chemical engineer; his mother is an office secretary. He was raised without great luxury, but neither did he lack for anything. He arrived in the United States in 1978, originally through a Rotary International program, attending Patagonia Union High School in Patagonia, Arizona, and then move to Dartmouth College, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in English in 1983.In 1981, D'Souza published the names of officers of the Gay Student Alliance in an article for The Dartmouth Review, including the names of those who were still closeted. While at Dartmouth, D'Souza became the editor of a conservative monthly called The Prospect. The paper and its writers ignited much controversy during D'Souza's editorship. Later on, D’ Souza published a lot of write up with regard to his new life in America.D’Souza able to illustrate t he feelings and emotion of an immigrant coming from a third world country, for him (D’Souza), as a new comer in America he feel a typical experienced that alternate between wonders and delight. D’Souza added that, America is a country where all people has freedom, hard working, the community is organized, the economic is abundant, the roads are properly paved, telephone has dial tone, highways and sign board are clear and accurate. Moreover, the author claimed that American government provides an amazingly good life for their ordinary citizen.Rich people live well everywhere, but what distinguishes America is that it provides a remarkably high standard of living for the â€Å"common man. † According to him (D’Souza) that â€Å"a country is not judged by how it treats its most affluent citizens but by how it treats the average citizen†. The author added, as an immigrant coming from a third world country, you cannot help noticing that America is a co untry where poor people live comparatively well; they had television sets and cars.Ordinary Americans not only enjoy security and dignity, but also comforts that other societies reserve for the elite. American worker particularly in construction regularly earned 4$ for a cappuccino, where maids drive nice cars, where plumbers take their families on vacation to Europe. If this luxurious living in America as compared to the living in the Third world country, all of us can noticed that huge gap. Because according to the author, the life in the Third world country was miserable, people are struggling for their basic existence, it is not that they don’t work hard.On the contrary, they labor incessantly and endure hardships that are almost unimaginable to people in America. In the villages of Asia and Africa, for example, a common sight is a farmer beating a pickaxe into the ground, women wobbling under heavy loads, children carrying stones. These people are performing arduous labo r, but they are getting nowhere. The best that they can hope for is to survive for another day. Their clothes are tattered, their teeth are rotten, and disease and death constantly loom over the horizon.For most poor people on the planet, life is characterized by squalor, indignity, and brevity. The author sited some problem with regard to the situation of a Third world country are their basic infrastructure is abysmal. The roads are not properly paved, the water is not safe to drink, pollution in the cities has reached hazardous levels, public transportation is overcrowded and unreliable, economic is unstable and there is a two-year waiting period to get a telephone.The poorly paid government officials are inevitably corrupt, which means that you must pay bribes to get things done. Most important, prospects for the children’s future are dim. Dinesh D'Souza has elaborate many reasons why America is so great, he was able to discussed some issue with regard to America’s equality, pursuit of happiness, the ethics of work, religious liberty, ideals and interest and American’s virtue. According to the author, American critics alleged that the history of United States is defined by a series of crimes, slavery and genocide.American critics even point out a demand for apologies for these historical offenses and seek financial reparations for minorities and African-American. But the truth is that American has gone further than any society in establishing equality of rights. As documented by William Mcneill in Plagues and People, it was determined that numbers of Indians did perish as a result of their contact with whites, but most of them died by contracting diseases such as smallpox, measles, malaria, tuberculosis for which they had not developed immunities.Surely, all of this is relevant to the reparations debate. A trenchant observation that this issue was totally healed is the fight of Muhammad Ali against George Foreman for the heavyweight tit le, for which this battle was held in the African nation of Zaire. The issue with regard to slavery proved to be the transmission belt that brought Africans into the orbit of Western prosperity and freedom. Blacks in America have a higher standard of living and more freedom than any comparable group of blacks on the continent of Africa.D’Souza, stated that all this allegation is not strictly true, for a few decades now we can see blacks and some minorities have enjoyed more rights and privileges than whites. The reason behind this is that America had implemented affirmative action policies that give legal preferences to minority groups in university admission, jobs and government contracts. The author illustrates the pursuit of happiness in America because it offers more opportunity and social mobility than any other country. As a matter of fact, most societies offer limited opportunities for and little chance of true social mobility.Even in Europe, social mobility is relativ ely restricted. On the other hand, D’Souza discussed the ethic of work in America that gives a worldly focus in which death and the afterlife recede from everyday view. The people gazed are shifted from heavenly aspiration to earthly progress. In America, American Founders are responsible for the change, drawing from the inspiration of modern philosophers like Locke and Adam Smith. The American Founders knew that they could not transform human nature, so they devised a system that would thwart the schemes of the wicked and channel the energies of flawed persons toward the public good.The religious and ethnic difference in America does not lead to extreme violence; there was generally no framework fro people to coexist harmoniously, although America has a lot of religious groups, such as Hindus, Muslims, Irish Catholics and Irish Protestant, Jews and Palestinians and etc. The government still managed to balance the culture and religious difference of their citizen. One reason that separation of religion and government worked is that colonial America was made up of numerous, mostly Protestant sects. The Puritans dominated in Massachusetts; the Anglicans, in Virginia; the Catholics were concentrated in Maryland; and so on.The second reason was, the American Founders were able to avoid religious oppression and conflict ii which they found a way to channel people’s energies away from theological quarrels and into commercial activity. D’Souza concluded his write up that America is the greatest, freest, and most decent society in existence. For him, America is an oasis of goodness in a desert of cynicism and barbarism and the history will view America as a great gift to the world, a gift that Americans today must preserve and cherish. He imagines that, if ever he remained in India, what probably is his life now?Would he find and married a woman who was identical of his religion, socio-economic and cultural background? Would he certainly become a medical doctor, an engineer or a software programmer? For him, as a writer, he considers his life as a destined one, the opportunity to migrate in America became his bridge to gain his success in life today. Bibliography Bookstove, Nov. 16, 2007. What so Great About America. Stanza Ltd. April 08, 2007. http://www. bookstove. com/Non-fiction/Whats-So-Great-About-America-by-Dinesh-Dsouza. 59078/1

Battle of Moscow - World War II - Operation Barbarossa

Battle of Moscow - World War II - Operation Barbarossa The Battle of Moscow was fought Oct. 2, 1941, to Jan. 7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945). After months of attacks and counterattacks as German forces attempted to overrun Moscow, Soviet reinforcements and a severe Russian winter took a toll on German forces, helping to thwart Germanys plans and leaving its forces exhausted and demoralized. Fast Facts: Battle of Moscow Dates: Oct. 2, 1941, to Jan. 7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945)ï » ¿Soviet Union Armies and Commanders:Marshal Georgy ZhukovMarshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky1.25 million menGerman Armies and Commanders:Field Marshal Fedor von BockCol Gen. Heinz GuderianField Marshal Albert Kesselring1 million men Background On June 22, 1941, German forces launched Operation Barbarossa and invaded the Soviet Union. The Germans had hoped to commence the operation in May but were delayed by the campaign in the Balkans and Greece. Opening the Eastern Front, they quickly overwhelmed Soviet forces and made large gains. Driving east, Field Marshal Fedor von Bocks Army Group Center won the Battle of BiaÅ‚ystok-Minsk in June, shattering the Soviet Western Front and killing or capturing over 340,000 Soviet troops. Crossing the Dnieper River, the Germans began a protracted battle for Smolensk. Despite encircling the defenders and crushing three Soviet armies, Bock was delayed into September before he could resume his advance. Though the road to Moscow was largely open, Bock was forced to order forces south to aid in the capture of Kiev. This was due to Adolf Hitlers unwillingness to continue fighting large battles of encirclement which, though successful, had failed to break the Soviet resistance. Instead, he sought to destroy the Soviet Unions economic base by capturing Leningrad and the Caucasus oil fields. Among those directed against Kiev was Col. Gen. Heinz Guderians Panzergruppe 2. Believing that Moscow was more important, Guderian protested the decision but was overruled. By supporting Army Group Souths Kiev operations, Bocks timetable was further delayed. It wasnt until Oct. 2, with the fall rains setting in, that Army Group Center was able to launch Operation Typhoon, the code name for Bocks Moscow offensive. The goal was to capture the Soviet capital before the harsh Russian winter began. Bocks Plan To accomplish this goal, Bock intended to employ the 2nd, 4th, and 9th armies, supported by Panzer Groups 2, 3, and 4. Air cover would be provided by the Luftwaffes Luftflotte 2. The combined force numbered just short of 2 million men, 1,700 tanks, and 14,000 artillery pieces. Plans for Operation Typhoon called for a double-pincer movement against the Soviet Western and Reserve fronts near Vyazma while a second force moved to capture Bryansk to the south. If these maneuvers were successful, German forces would encircle Moscow and compel Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to make peace. Though reasonably sound on paper, plans for Operation Typhoon failed to account for the fact that German forces were battered after several months of campaigning and their supply lines were having difficulty getting goods to the front. Guderian later noted that his forces were short on fuel from the outset of the campaign. Soviet Preparations Aware of the threat to Moscow, the Soviets began constructing a series of defensive lines in front of the city. The first of these stretched between Rzhev, Vyazma, and Bryansk, while a second, double-line was built between Kalinin and Kaluga dubbed the Mozhaisk defense line. To protect Moscow proper, the capitals citizens were drafted to construct three lines of fortifications around the city. While Soviet manpower was initially stretched thin, reinforcements were being brought west from the Far East as intelligence suggested that Japan didnt pose an immediate threat. The two nations had signed a neutrality back in April 1941. Early German Successes Storming forward, two German panzer groups (3rd and 4th) quickly made gains near Vyazma and encircled the 19th, 20th, 24th, and 32nd Soviet armies on Oct. 10. Rather than surrender, the four Soviet armies tenaciously continued the fight, slowing the German advance and forcing Bock to divert troops to aid in reducing the pocket. Ultimately the German commander had to commit 28 divisions to this fight, allowing the remnants of the Soviet Western and Reserve fronts to fall back to the Mozhaisk defense line and reinforcements to rush forward, largely to support the Soviet 5th, 16th, 43rd, and 49th armies. To the south, Guderians panzers (tanks) rapidly encircled the entire Bryansk Front. Linking with the German 2nd Army, they captured Orel and Bryansk by Oct. 6. The encircled Soviet forces, 3rd and 13th armies, continued the fight, eventually escaping east. The initial German operations, however, captured over 500,000 Soviet soldiers. On Oct. 7, the first snow of the season fell and soon melted, turning the roads to mud and severely hampering German operations. Grinding forward, Bocks troops turned back numerous Soviet counterattacks and reached the Mozhaisk defenses on Oct. 10. That same day, Stalin recalled Marshal Georgy Zhukov from the Siege of Leningrad and directed him to oversee the defense of Moscow. Assuming command, he focused Soviet manpower in the Mozhaisk line. Wearing Down the Germans Outnumbered, Zhukov deployed his men at key points in the line at Volokolamsk, Mozhaisk, Maloyaroslavets, and Kaluga. Resuming his advance on Oct. 13, Bock sought to avoid the bulk of the Soviet defenses by moving against Kalinin in the north and Kaluga and Tula in the south. While the first two fell quickly, the Soviets succeeded in holding Tula. After frontal attacks captured Mozhaisk and Maloyaroslavets on Oct. 18 and subsequent German advances, Zhukov was forced to fall back behind the Nara River. Though the Germans made gains, their forces were badly worn down and plagued by logistical issues. While German troops lacked appropriate winter clothing, they also took losses to the new T-34 tank, which was superior to their Panzer IVs. By Nov. 15, the ground had frozen and mud ceased to be an issue. Seeking to end the campaign, Bock directed the 3rd and 4th panzer armies to encircle Moscow from the north, while Guderian moved around the city from the south. The two forces were to link up at Noginsk, 20 miles east of Moscow. German forces were slowed by Soviet defenses but succeeded in taking Klin on Nov. 24 and four days later crossed the Moscow-Volga Canal before being pushed back. In the south, Guderian bypassed Tula and took Stalinogorsk on Nov. 22. His offensive was checked by the Soviets near Kashira a few days later. With both prongs of his pincer movement bogged down, Bock launched a frontal assault at Naro-Fominsk on Dec. 1. After four days of heavy fighting, it was defeated. On Dec. 2, a German reconnaissance unit reached Khimki, only five miles from Moscow. This marked the farthest German advance. With temperatures reaching -50 F and still lacking winter equipment, the Germans had to halt their offensives. Soviets Strike Back By Dec. 5, Zhukov had been heavily reinforced by divisions from Siberia and the Far East. Possessing a reserve of 58 divisions, he unleashed a counteroffensive to push the Germans back from Moscow. The beginning of the attack coincided with Hitler ordering German forces to assume a defensive stance. Unable to organize a solid defense in their advance positions, the Germans were forced from Kalinin on Dec. 7, and the Soviets moved to envelop the 3rd Panzer Army at Klin. This failed and the Soviets advanced on Rzhev. In the south, Soviet forces relieved pressure on Tula on Dec. 16. Two days later, Bock was sacked in favor of Field Marshal Gà ¼nther von Kluge, due largely to Hitlers anger over German troops conducting a strategic retreat against his wishes. The Russians were aided by extreme cold and poor weather that minimized the Luftwaffes operations. As the weather improved in late December and early January, the Luftwaffe began intensive bombing in support of German ground forces This slowed the enemy advances and by Jan. 7, the Soviet counteroffensive came to an end. Zhukov had pushed the Germans 60 to 160 miles from Moscow. Aftermath The failure of German forces at Moscow doomed Germany to fighting a prolonged struggle on the Eastern Front. This part of the war would consume the vast majority of Germanys manpower and resources for the remainder of the conflict. Casualties for the Battle of Moscow are debated, but estimates suggest German losses of 248,000 to 400,000 and Soviet losses of 650,000 to 1,280,000. Slowly building strength, the Soviets would turn the tide of the war at the Battle of Stalingrad in late 1942 and early 1943.